The Milan's Duomo Marvels
Milan, often hailed as the "Italian fashion capital," is a cosmopolitan, international, and elegant city. As the capital of Lombardy and a key financial center in Italy, Milan is sometimes underestimated for its rich historical and architectural heritage.
Founded around 590 BC by the Celts, Milan, known as "Mediolanum," became crucial during Caesar's campaigns in Gaul due to its strategic location. Post the fall of the Roman Empire, Milan saw various barbarian occupations until the Visconti and then the Sforza families took control. During their reign, significant buildings like the Sforza Castle were constructed, and renowned artists like Leonardo da Vinci created masterpieces like The Last Supper in the Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, now a UNESCO World Heritage site.
After Spanish, French, and Austrian dominations, Milan joined the Kingdom of Italy and experienced remarkable industrial growth in the 19th and 20th centuries. The city, which hosted the Universal Exposition in 1906 and again in 2015, has a richly reconstructed historical center. Iconic landmarks include the Milan Cathedral near the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, the renowned Teatro alla Scala, and the Sforza Castle.
Milan's Navigli district, a historic network of canals, they served as a vital transportation and irrigation system for the city. The Navigli, constructed between 1179 and 1257, allowed goods and materials to be transported within the city and helped facilitate trade and commerce. The construction of the Duomo Cathedral began in 1386 and ended in 1965, located in the same area but not directly linked to the canals to transport the marble.
Now The Navigli is known for its vibrant bars and the famous "Milanese aperitivo" epitomizes the city's leisure culture. Today, Milan is not only a major international commercial and industrial hub but also a sought-after tourist destination, celebrated for its artistic and cultural heritage and numerous shopping boutiques.
Duomo di Milano: The iconic cathedral, a masterpiece of Gothic architecture, is renowned for its intricate facades and stunning views from its rooftop.
Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II: One of the world's oldest shopping malls, this elegant 19th-century arcade features high-end shops and historic cafes.
Teatro alla Scala: A prestigious opera house known globally for its rich history and exceptional acoustics, hosting world-class performances.
Museo del Cenacolo Vinciano: Home to Leonardo da Vinci's "The Last Supper," this museum offers a glimpse into one of the world's most famous artworks.
Basilica Santa Maria delle Grazie: A UNESCO World Heritage site, this church is celebrated for its Renaissance art, including "The Last Supper."
Pinacoteca di Brera: A renowned art gallery housing a significant collection of Italian Renaissance art, including works by Caravaggio and Raphael.
Castello Sforzesco: A historic castle featuring several museums and art collections, set in extensive grounds and gardens.
Basilica di Sant'Ambrogio: One of Milan's oldest churches, known for its Romanesque architecture and historical significance.
Navigli: A lively district famous for its canal system, vibrant nightlife, and charming ambiance.
Piazza Gae Aulenti e Bosco Verticale: A modern square showcasing contemporary architecture, including the striking vertical forest towers.
Palazzo Reale di Milano: A historic palace hosting various art exhibitions and cultural events, with a rich history as a former royal residence.
Parco Sempione: A large, tranquil park ideal for relaxation and outdoor activities, offering beautiful landscapes and sculptures.
Leonardo3 Museum : Il Mondo di Leonardo: An interactive museum dedicated to Leonardo da Vinci's inventions and artworks, providing a hands-on experience.
Museo Nazionale della Scienza e della Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci: Italy's largest science and technology museum, showcasing Leonardo da Vinci's engineering and technological innovations.
The DUOMO Curiosities and fan facts
The Milan Duomo stands as a testament to historical and architectural grandeur. Your journey begins with an access-all-areas ticket, leading you through the various facets of this majestic structure. The cathedral, adorned with Candoglia marble, serves as a spiritual and cultural beacon in Milan's history.
The Duomo Terraces offer an unrivaled view of Milan, where on clear days, the ma-jestic Alps and Apennine Mountains form a breathtaking backdrop. Opt for the elevator or challenge yourself with a climb up the stairs to reach this vantage point.
Venture inside to explore the cathedral's 27 halls, each echoing tales from the past. The 14th-century Palazzo Reale houses exquisite stained glass windows, tapestries, and sculptures, each narrating its own story.
The Duomo, a symbol of Milan all over the world, is one of the biggest Gothic cathedrals in Italy and in Europe. The heritage of the Milanese and of mankind, it has expressed for centuries, in all its grandeur, Man’s devotion to God and represents an ongoing commitment for the future generations.
Veneranda Fabbrica del Duomo di Milano is the historic organization responsible for preservation and restoration of the Cathedral. It was established in 1387 by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, then Duke of the city, for design and construction of the Cathedral, and it has been operating for over six hundred years to ensure the preservation and architectural and artistic restoration of the Duomo, safeguarding and providing services for the Cathedral’s religious activity and promoting the extraordinary heritage of art, culture and history which belongs to and is expressed by the symbol of Milan, identifying the resources necessary for its maintenance.
The daily activity of Veneranda Fabbrica is organized into five operating sectors:
♦ the Candoglia Quarries
♦ the Restoration Sites
♦ the Cathedral Museum
♦ the historical Archives and the Library
♦ the Cathedral Choir
With the development of a number of Cultural Activities in the Cathedral and on the Terraces, Veneranda Fabbrica has brought the Duomo back to the center of Milanese cultural and social life, making visitors from Italy and from all over the world aware of the need to preserve, by continuous care, an artistic treasure of inestimable value that belongs to the whole of mankind.
From October 2012, the Veneranda Fabbrica launched a new fund raising campaign Get your Spire to sustain the most urgent structural work regarding 18 working sites including the Great Spires, 4 major spires, 129 minor spires, the falconature, re-design of the covering spans of the Duomo, and the restoration of the indoor spaces.
To face this huge undertaking and to complete all the restoration work in progress, “Get your Spire” needs to collect 13,5 million euro, 6 million having already been collected, about which more than 600,000 € resulting from the public appeal.
The DUOMO Cathedral in some numbers:
- 108.50 m
– the height of the Madonnina from the ground - 4.16 m
– the height of the Madonnina - 158.50 m
– the external length - 93 m
– the external length - 11,700 mq
– the internal surface area - 325,000 tons
– the total weight of the 3,400 statues
- 200 bas-reliefs
- over 3,600 characters in the 55 stained glass windows
- 135 spires
- 96 gargoyles
Visitor data:
- around 6,000,000
– total number of visitors per year - 75% – percentage of foreign visitors that come to Milan for the Duomo
- 4,500 – opening hours per year
- 110,000 – hours per year spent in restoration works
According to a study conducted by the Chamber of Commerce of Monza and Brianza and Anholt Brand Index, the Milan brand is worth 400 billion Euro. The Duomo accounts for 82 billion of this figure.
World Records
Here's an interesting tidbit: A common misconception is that St. Peter's Basilica in Rome holds the title of Italy's largest church. However, technically, the Vatican, where St. Peter's is located, isn't part of Italian territory. Therefore, the honor of being the largest church in Italy actually belongs to the Duomo of Milan, a truly magnificent structure.
But the Milan Cathedral's distinctions don't end there. To put things into perspective: it ranks as the third-largest church in Europe, surpassed only by St. Peter's Basilica and Seville Cathedral, and stands as the fourth-largest church globally. Moreover, the Duomo of Milan holds the title of the world's largest Gothic church.
And for one more intriguing fact: the Milan Cathedral boasts over 3,400 statues, more than any other building worldwide, and features 96 gargoyles, surpassing even Notre Dame in Paris in this aspect!
Astronomy
In a fascinating blend of astronomy and architecture, the Milan Cathedral (Duomo) houses a meridian line, established from 1 December 1786 when the Austrian Empire adopted "transalpine time."
This project was led by astronomers from the Brera Astronomical Observatory.
Strategically placed on the Duomo's floor at the west end, the meridian line was designed to be unobtrusive to religious activities. A hole was made in the roof near the south wall, 24 meters high, extending the meridian line up the north wall for about 3 meters due to the Duomo's width constraints. This setup allowed a beam of light to cross the brass line at solar noon, signaling the Palazzo dei Giureconsulti's tower. This signal was then relayed to Sforzesco Castle, where a cannon was fired to mark solar noon, synchronizing the city's clocks.
In 1976, a review by Duomo architects and Brera astronomers found minor deviations in the line's azimuth and level. However, its precision still allowed for the accurate determination of solar noon within a two-second margin.
La Madonnina - Curiosities and fan facts
The Madonnina, perched atop the highest spire of Milan's Duomo, symbolizes the soul and heart of the city. The earliest idea of placing the Virgin Mary statue on the Main Spire appears in a 1521 drawing by architect Cesare Cesariano. Architect Francesco Croce, tasked with creating the Main Spire on June 21, 1762, proposed in 1765 to adorn it with a statue of the Virgin carried to heaven by angels.
The Madonnina, completed in 1773, remained in the Veneranda Fabbrica's palace until December 1774 due to fears of lightning and wind. In August 1939, on the eve of World War II, it was covered in grey-green cloth for five years to avoid being an easy target for bombers. Cardinal Schuster, then Archbishop of Milan, unveiled it on May 6, 1945.
Between June 9 and July 27, 1967, the Madonnina underwent restoration, including complete disassembly of the copper plates and regilding, and replacing the original corroded iron structure (now in the museum) with stainless steel.
The last regilding was in 2012.
The Madonnina is not just a religious symbol but also a civic emblem for Milan since the Five Days of 1848, when Luigi Torelli and Scipione Bagaggi raised the Italian flag on the statue to signal the Austrian troops' evacuation. This sight encouraged the city and spurred the barricade fighters to victory.
Today, the Italian flag is hoisted on the halberd to the right of the Assumption during solemn religious and civic events on specific dates.
4.16 m: the height of the statue
33: the copper plates that cover the statue
399,200 kg: the weight of the slabs
584,800 kg: the weight of the stainless steel supporting structure
6750: the pure gold sheets used in the final gilding
The Construction of DUOMO
The Construction of the Milan Cathedral is a Journey Through Centuries and the result is a Tapestry of architectural styles. The Milan Cathedral, a monumental project initiated in 1386 under the commission of Duke Gian Galeazzo Visconti, represents a centuries-long journey in architecture. Gian Galeazzo provided substantial subsidies and tax exemptions for the production of marble: each block was exempt from any transit tax.
Over the years, the cathedral saw the work of the city's finest architects.
The completion of the cathedral only occurred in the early 19th century at the behest of Napoleon Bonaparte, who celebrated his coronation as King of Italy inside the Duomo on May 6, 1805.
This prolonged period of development led to a fascinating blend of styles in its design.
While predominantly Gothic, the cathedral also exhibits a mix of other architectural elements due to the various influences over the years. The structure's striking appearance is further enhanced by its use of white and pinkish marble, which casts a mesmerizing glow at sunset. This blend of styles in the Milan Cathedral is a direct result of the extended period over which it was built, reflecting changes in architectural trends and influences across different eras.
Visiting DUOMO
Marvel at the Duomo's Facade: Begin your Milanese adventure with the breathtaking facade of the Duomo. Its pinnacles and spires are a sight to behold, blending Renaissance artistry at the base with Gothic elegance above. The doors, sculpted in the 19th century, narrate tales from Mary's life, inviting you into a world of historical splendor.
Experience the Grandeur Inside: Stepping inside the Duomo, you're greeted by an overwhelming sense of magnificence. The vastness of the cathedral, accentuated by soaring ceilings and five expansive naves, will leave you awe-struck.
Discover the Interior's Elegance: The interior of the Duomo is a testament to elegance, adorned with stained glass windows and towering marble columns. The walls are embellished with paintings and statues depicting Christian lore, including the remarkable statue of St. Bartholomew the Apostle.
A Sundial Like No Other: Upon entering, cast your gaze downward to discover an ancient sundial on the floor, functioning with a beam of sunlight from the opposite wall. It's a perfect moment to synchronize your watch with this timeless piece.
A Sacred Red Light: Behind the altar, a red light bulb marks a sacred s
pot – the location of a nail from the Crucifixion of Christ, displayed only once a year in a solemn September ceremony.
Ascend to the Duomo Terraces: The highlight for many, the Duomo Terraces offer an unparalleled experience. Walk amidst over 3000 sculptures, surrounded by intricate stone carvings, pinnacles, spires, and gargoyles.
Choose Your Path to the Top: Opt for the stairs or the elevator to reach the terraces. The 250-step climb offers breathtaking views and photo opportunities, while the elevator provides a comfortable alternative for those preferring it.
Panoramic Views from Above: Atop the terraces, Milan unfolds before you in all its glory, with the stunning Piazza del Duomo below and the snow-capped Alps visible in the distance on clear days.
Meet the Madonnina: Don't miss the golden Madonnina, Milan's cherished protector, perched on the Duomo's highest spire. This 4-meter tall symbol of the city was once Milan's tallest point.
Explore the Duomo Museum & Archaeological Area: After the terraces, delve into the Duomo Museum, housing over 200 historical pieces. The Archaeological Area beneath the cathedral offers a glimpse into Milan's past, revealing the foundations of buildings demolished for the Duomo's construction.
Visit the Church of San Gottardo in Corte: Adjacent to the museum, this church, with its stunning bell tower, is a hidden gem worth exploring.
Practical Side of the Visit, Handy Tips
Noone desires to spend precious vacation time in the line for tickets or searching for a place.
Choose a smooth and hassle-free experience with GET YOUR GUIDE, I’am using it every time for evry single visit around the world.
One of the most significant advantages of choosing GetYourGuide’s tours is the huge convenience it offers.
Firstly, by booking with GET YOUR GUIDE, you gain the invaluable benefit of skipping the lengthy queues that are a common sight at the Duomo Milan. This means you can bypass the often time-consuming process of waiting in line to purchase tickets, allowing you more time to explore and enjoy the magnificent sights of the Duomo.
Additionally, GetYourGuide understands the importance of flexibility in travel planning. That's why they offer the 'Book Now, Pay Later' option. This feature allows you to secure your booking in advance without any immediate financial commitment. You can reserve your spot on the tour and enjoy the peace of mind that comes with knowing your visit is confirmed, while having the flexibility to pay at a later date that suits you. This option is ideal for those who prefer to manage their travel expenses over time, providing both convenience and financial flexibility.
THE BEST TOURS WITH GET YOUR GUIDE
You have here a curated list of the best tours and tickets selected from GetYourGuide for you. All tours include:
o a Skip-the-line ticket
o a Book now pay later option
o Comprehensive Access: Your tour includes entrance tickets to the Duomo and its breathtaking Terraces, offering a unique perspective of Milan's skyline.
GetYourGuide which in planning its tours have meticulously taken into account the Duomo's dynamic schedule, which often undergoes adjustments.
These changes in opening hours and available visiting times are primarily due to the Duomo's vibrant liturgical calendar and various religious events.
GetYourGuide's tour schedules are thoughtfully crafted to align with these variations, ensuring a seamless and enriching experience for our visitors. Generally the opening hours are: every day from 09:00 to 19:00.
o Museum Insight: Gain knowledge about the rich history and art of the Duomo with an entrance ticket to the Duomo Museum.
o Church of St. Gottardo in Corte: Discover the historical significance with an entrance ticket to this renowned church.
o Audio Guide Option: Enhance your experience with an audio guide, available upon se-lection, providing detailed commentary and insights into the Duomo's history and architecture.
o Contribution to Preservation: By choosing to become a donor, you contribute to preserving the Cathedral's eternal beauty. In appreciation, you will receive a complimentary gadget. Please select this option when booking.
o Exclusive Discounts at Duomo Shop: Enjoy a 10% discount on various items, and a 20% discount on purchases over 50 Euros. Note that products from the “Adopt a Spire" line and books already on sale are excluded from this promotion.
The meeting point for your tour may vary depending on the option booked, ensuring flexibility and convenience for your visit. This comprehensive package is designed to provide an enriching and memorable experience at one of Milan's most iconic landmarks.
Book now
➤ You can buy your entrance ticket to the Cathedral and Duomo Terraces here. It also includes access to the Church of St. Gottardo and the Archaeological area, and an audio guide if you select that option when you book your ticket.➥ BOOK IT HERE
➤ If you’re only interested in visiting the Terraces, you can buy a Milan Duomo Rooftop ticket with no church access. If you have time though, I recommend visiting both the Cathedral and the Duomo di Milano roof – you won’t regret it! ➥ BOOK IT HERE
➤ The Fast-Track Milan Cathedral and Terraces Guided Tour is the highest-rated tour on Get Your Guide and a really safe choice. On this tour, you’ll get to skip the ticket lines and visit the Cathedral led by an expert guide, before heading to the Terraces by elevator. Finish the experience by visiting the Duomo Museum and the Archaeological area. ➥ BOOK IT HERE
➤ If you prefer a private tour, check out this Private City Tour with Milan Cathedral and Terraces, in which you’ll visit the Milan Duomo as well as other city highlights. It’s pricier, of course, but you’ll get skip-the-ticket-line access and an official, dedicated guide for your group that’ll be able to answer as many questions as you’d like. ➥ BOOK IT HERE
➤ If you have limited time, you can also check out this tour to just the cathedral or this one just to the rooftop. Both tours allow you to skip the lines which will save you considerable time. If you have to choose, I would honestly choose to visit the terraces, but of course, it’s up to personal taste.
➤ The Best of Milan Tour is a small group tour that includes skip-the-line access at both Milan Duomo and Da Vinci’s ‘Last Supper’. You’ll even get a 15-minute private viewing of that masterpiece! It includes access to the Duomo Cathedral but not the Terraces. ➥ BOOK IT HERE
Spending only 2 days in Milan? Get a 48-hour Milan Pass.
This pass includes access to a multitude of attractions and activities for a one-time fee, and if you plan your visit well and take advantage of the pass, you can save a ton of money.
Included in the pass:
• Access to the Duomo Cathedral Rooftop terraces (by lift)
• La Scala Museum and Theatre
• Hop-On Hop-Off Sightseeing Bus Ticket
• 48-hour ATM public transport ticket & more.
Before you go for the visit important to know
- safety measures by emptying pockets of metal objects and opening bags. It is also advised that it is not possible to enter the Cathedral with helmets, glass objects and suitcases and any other objects deemed dangerous by the Veneranda Fabbrica del Duomo. It is not recommended to bring bulky bags inside the Cathedral.
- dress code requirements: covered shoulders and knees: This is a common rule for many religious sites to show respect in a place of worship.
Prohibited Items of Clothing: The cathedral forbids entry to anyone wearing sandals, sunglasses, hats, bare-backed and/or low-cut clothing. This is to maintain a decorum befitting the sacred nature of the cathedral.
It's important to note that these rules are in place as the Duomo is still an active consecrated Cathedral, and visitors are expected to dress appropriately out of respect for the religious setting.
When planning a summer visit to the Duomo Milan, it's a good idea to carry a scarf for covering up. Additionally, ensure you're wearing suitable footwear, especially when exploring the Terraces, as the surfaces there can be quite slippery.
- visiting with children: children are often thrilled by a trip to the Duomo's terraces. Exploring the rooftop and marveling at the gargoyles can be a delightful experience! To keep the little ones engaged and avoid any restlessness, it's wise to bypass the queues by purchasing a ticket that includes elevator access. The stairways are quite narrow and might pose a risk for young kids. Also, remember that if you're bringing pushchairs, they are only permitted on the Terraces if they are folded.
Combine Visits and Tickets
Our videos related to Milan:
The Marvels of Milan's Duomo: https://youtu.be/WsuhXkPZKTA
Complete travel guide for the First Timers:https://youtu.be/oHoo2Mo-A9U
in solo AUDIO version: https://youtu.be/xhcj42NzGMk
What Happens in Milan After Sunset: https://youtu.be/wlidJvYsmf4
✅ BEST-PRICED hotels in Milan, save up to 60% : https://hotellook.tp.st/SfGTpuDc
Disclosure:
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